The Supreme Court of India issued a split verdict on the validity of the Centre's 2022 decision to grant conditional approval for the environmental release of genetically modified (GM) mustard crops. Justices B.V. Nagarathna and Sanjay Karol delivered divergent opinions, with Justice Nagarathna arguing the decision was hasty and violated public trust, while Justice Karol supported it as a developmental approach. The matter is now referred to Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud for the constitution of a larger bench. Despite differences, the judges unanimously directed the Centre to formulate a national policy on GM crops, involving all stakeholders, within four months. This policy should cover aspects of research, cultivation, trade, and commerce related to GM crops. The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee's decisions from October 2022 will also undergo judicial review.