The U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) reported a significant increase in ISIS attacks in Iraq and Syria in the first half of 2024, with 153 attacks compared to 121 in all of 2023, indicating ISIS's efforts to reconstitute after years of diminished capability. U.S. and partner forces have conducted 196 operations against ISIS, resulting in the deaths of 44 operatives and the detainment of 166. CENTCOM estimates around 2,500 ISIS fighters remain at large in the region. The rise in ISIS activity comes as Iraq negotiates with the U.S. to reduce the American military presence amid domestic tensions and threats from Iran-backed militias. Despite losing territorial control in 2017 and 2019, ISIS continues to pose a significant threat through its insurgency and sleeper cells.