The International Criminal Court (ICC) has convicted Al Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz, a former police chief of Timbuktu, for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the 2012-2013 occupation of the city by the Ansar Dine group. Al Hassan was found guilty of overseeing torture, public floggings, and other cruel treatments, but was acquitted of charges related to the rape and sexual slavery of women due to insufficient direct evidence. Judges determined he played a significant role in enforcing an extreme form of Sharia law, leading to widespread persecution and arbitrary arrests. His defense claimed he was merely executing the orders of an Islamic tribunal. The sentence is expected to be handed down at a later date, with possible life imprisonment. The verdict has been a significant moment for victims in Timbuktu, many of whom hope for justice and compensation.