Human-Induced Metal Contamination Found in Ancient Egypt

Researchers from Aix-Marseille Université have discovered significant human-induced metal contamination at Khufu Harbor, the world's oldest known port located near the Great Pyramid of Giza, dating back to around 3265 B.C. This study, published in Geology, reveals that levels of copper pollution were five to six times higher than natural levels, primarily linked to extensive metalworking activities during the construction of the pyramids. The contamination peaked around 2500 B.C. and continued until about 1000 B.C., coinciding with periods of agricultural change and civil unrest as the Nile River conditions shifted. The findings highlight the importance of sedimentary records in understanding the lives of ordinary Egyptians, not just the elite, challenging traditional narratives of ancient Egyptian civilization. Researchers utilized advanced techniques like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze soil samples and trace the extent of metalworking in the region. This groundbreaking evidence reshapes perceptions of the technological capabilities of ancient Egyptians and the environmental impacts of their industrial activities.