India Faces Largest Chandipura Virus Outbreak

India is currently experiencing the largest outbreak of the Chandipura virus (CHPV) in two decades, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Between early June and August 15, the Ministry of Health recorded 245 cases of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), resulting in 82 deaths and a 33% case fatality rate, with 64 confirmed cases of CHPV. The outbreak, which spans across 43 districts, is particularly prevalent in Gujarat, where CHPV outbreaks typically occur every four to five years. Transmitted by vectors such as sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks, CHPV has a high case fatality rate ranging from 56-75%, and there is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available. The WHO emphasizes the need for enhanced surveillance, particularly among vulnerable populations, including children under 15, and notes that survival rates improve with timely access to medical care. While the number of new cases has been declining since mid-July, further transmission remains possible due to favorable conditions during the monsoon season.